Genetic variation in basal area increment phenology and its correlation with growth rate in loblolly and slash pine families and clones
نویسندگان
چکیده
We quantified basal area increment phenology over a 2-year period in one loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and four slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) full-sib families propagated as rooting cuttings. In 2002, basal area growth started in March and stopped in October for both species, while in 2003, initiation and cessation occurred 2 weeks earlier for all families. In both years, peaks in basal area increment occurred in short (2-3 week) periods in the early spring for all families, followed by linear basal area growth until cessation. While there were significant size differences among taxa (species and families) at age 6 and 7 years, genetic differences in basal area growth rate were only expressed during short, discrete time periods primarily in the spring and fall. Basal area growth rate increased during periods when water soil availability increased (up to 300 mm), but an excess in water availability in the soil had a negative impact on growth. Within-family individual-tree broad-sense heritabilities ranged from 0.01 to 0.37 for all traits. In general, heritabilities were higher for growth traits than for phenological traits for all families. Both the strength and direction of correlation estimates of phenological traits with growth rate varied across families and years. R6sum6 : Les auteurs ont quantifiC la phCnologie de la croissance en surface terrikre sur une pCriode de 2 ans au sein d'une descendance biparentale de pin ri encens (Pirzus elliottii Engelm. var elliottii et de quatre descendances biparentales de pin de Floride Ctablies 6 partir de boutures racinCes. En 2002, la croissance en surface terrikre a dCbutC en mars et s'est terminCe en octobre chez les deux espkces. En 2003, le dCbut et la fin de la croissance ont eu lieu 2 semaines plus t6t chez toutes les descendances. Pendant les deux annCes, le pic de croissance en surface terrikre est survenu durant une courte p6riode (2 a 3 semaines), t6t au printemps, pour l'ensemble des descendances, suivi par une croissance en surface terrikre IinCaire jusqu'i la fin de la pCriode de croissance. I1 y avait des differences significatives de taille entre les espkces et les descendances ri 1'8ge de 6 et 7 ans, mais des diffkrences gCnCtiques dans le taux de croissance en surface terrikre ont CtC observCes uniquement pour de courtes pCriodes bien dCfinies, principalement au printemps et 6 I'automne. Le taux de croissance en surface terrikre augmentait pendant les pCriodes oh la disponibilitk en eau dans le sol augmentait (jusqu'a 300 mm). Cependant, un excks d'eau disponible dans le sol avait un impact nkgatif sur la croissance. Les hCritabilitCs intrafamiliales au sens large estimCes sur la base des arbres pris individuellement variaient de 0,01 5 0,37 pour tous les caracteres. En gCnCral, les hCritabilitCs Ctaient plus ClevCes pour les caractkres de croissance que pour les caractkres phknologiques pour I'ensemble des descendances. Le sens et l'amplitude des corrClations estimCes entre les caracteres phCnologiques et le taux de croissance variaient d'une descendance a l'autre et d'une
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